MUMBAI, Dec. 24 -- The Enforcement Directorate (ED) on Monday submitted a chargesheet against several accused persons and entities allegedly connected to a syndicate that operated illegal, unregulated trading (also known as 'dabba trading') platforms and online betting activities across Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu, as well as Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The probe has estimated the alleged proceeds of crime (POC) to be Rs.404.46 crore, of which it has so far attached Rs.34.26 crore in the forms of assets belonging to the accused, ED officials said on Tuesday. The investigation is based on two police cheating cases, one registered in Mumbai and the other in Indore. The ED's chargesheet was submitted to a special court in Indore. According to ED sources, the investigation revealed the existence of a technologically manipulated ecosystem involving rigged trading platforms, unlawful betting websites and a cross-border laundering mechanism run by the accused persons. "Vishal Agnihotri has been identified as the principal operator, assisted by Tarun Shrivastava who handled the day-to-day financial operations and mule accounts, and Srinivasan Ramasamy who configured manipulated servers to generate false outcomes," an ED official said. The ED, while probing the syndicate's alleged parallel betting network, accused a certain Dhaval Jain of operating a platform called LotusBook247, Dharmesh Trivedi for managing an offshore entity called iBull Capital and Nidhi Chandnani for facilitating the movement and spreading of funds through Dubai-based entities, agency officials said. The probe also revealed that the unsuspecting clients were allegedly shown simulated trades on platforms without any linkages. The probe revealed that betting platforms operated in a clandestine manner, using anonymous accounts ans encrypted communication. Among the attached assets in the case were immovable properties worth Rs.28.60 crore, movable assets valued at Rs.3.83 crore and Rs.1.83 crore in the form of bank and demat funds. Major seizures effected in the case included Rs.5.21 crore in cash, 59.9 kg of silver bars, a 100-gram gold bar, jewellery worth around Rs.1.94 crore and luxury watches valued at Rs.4.77 crore....