India, May 10 -- Stroke, also known as paralysis or hemiplegia, is a leading health concern in India, affecting approximately 1.8 million people each year. It ranks as the second-most common cause of death among individuals over the age of 60. Alarmingly, the number of younger individuals experiencing strokes is on the rise, with one-third of all stroke patients now under the age of 45. Despite the availability of advanced treatments, many patients suffer long-term disability or become bedridden due to a lack of awareness and delayed access to appropriate care. A stroke, particularly an ischemic stroke, occurs when a blood vessel in the brain becomes suddenly blocked, cutting off oxygen and nutrients to brain cells. This disruption can lead to rapid and irreversible brain damage, which may result in fatal outcomes. Several risk factors increase the likelihood of stroke, especially among individuals with a history of high blood pressure, diabetes, high cholesterol, obesity, and those who smoke. People with heart conditions or a history of heart attacks are also at greater risk. In younger patients, stroke may be triggered by conditions such as heart valve disorders, inflammation of blood vessels (vasculitis), blood clotting abnormalities, or certain inherited disorders. It's important to recognise stroke symptoms and seek urgent medical attention. The BEFAST method (sudden loss of balance, vision disturbances, facial drooping, arm weakness, and speech difficulties) can help identify symptoms. If any of these symptoms appear, it is vital to reach a stroke-ready hospital immediately. Recent advancements in medical science offer two widely adopted emergency treatments for stroke. The first is intravenous thrombolysis, where clot-dissolving medication is administered within 4.5 hours of symptom onset, following confirmation via CT or MRI scan. The second is mechanical thrombectomy, a procedure in which a neurointerventionist removes the clot using a catheter. This is most effective when a large blood vessel is blocked and can be performed within six hours - or, in special cases, up to 24 hours after the stroke begins. Timely intervention through these methods can significantly reduce brain damage and improve recovery outcomes. Preventive care also plays a significant role in stroke management. Regular monitoring and control of blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol levels, along with a healthy lifestyle, including exercise and a balanced diet, can significantly lower the risk of stroke. Quitting smoking and limiting alcohol intake are also essential preventive steps. Regular consultations with a specialist are highly recommended for individuals with heart problems or blood clotting disorders. Stroke is a medical emergency, but it is also treatable - often reversible - if addressed promptly. The author of this article is a consultant, neurointerventional and interventional radiology, Fortis Hospital, Mohali...