India, Oct. 12 -- Bleeding that occurs after menopause (one year of no periods) is called post-menopausal bleeding. Even a small stain of blood is not normal and must never be ignored. Women with obesity, diabetes, hypertension, family history of cancer, or use of certain medicines. Symptoms may be spotting, fresh bleeding, or blood-stained vaginal discharge. Immediately consult a senior gynaecologist. The doctor will examine, do an ultrasound, and may suggest a biopsy if needed. Possible causes include thinning of the vagina, polyps, infections, or in some cases, precancerous or cancerous changes of the uterus. Treatment depends on the underlying cause - ranging from medicines and minor procedures to surgery, if required. In some women, removal of the uterus through laparoscopic or robotic surgery may be advised. Nowadays, with advanced technology, these are painless and stitchless procedures where patients can start walking the same day. The key message is that post-menopausal bleeding is never normal. Early check-up ensures safe and effective treatment. Get an annual ultrasound done even if you have no symptoms. The author of this article is director gynaecology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, Mohali, who can be reached out at 985-582-4455 or www.drseemawadhwa.com...