India, March 21 -- Obesity is often seen as simply a matter of body weight. Medically, however, it is a chronic, progressive, and relapsing disease characterised by excessive fat accumulation. Today, it ranks among the most significant global health challenges and is closely linked to a range of lifestyle-related conditions. Globally, more than 2.5 billion adults are overweight, and nearly 890 million are living with obesity - figures that continue to drive rising rates of diabetes, heart disease, and other metabolic disorders. Obesity occurs when excess body fat accumulates to levels that may harm health. It is commonly assessed using body mass index (BMI). For Western adults: For Indian and South Asian adults, risks begin at lower thresholds: Obesity typically results from a combination of factors, including genetic predisposition, excess calorie intake, sedentary lifestyles, hormonal imbalances, certain medications, sleep deprivation, and irregular work schedules. It significantly raises the risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, stroke, certain cancers, sleep apnea, and joint disorders. Beyond physical health, it can also affect emotional well-being, contributing to depression, social isolation, and a reduced quality of life. Prevention and management depend on balanced nutrition, regular physical activity, adequate sleep, stress management, and periodic health check-ups. Early screening through routine lab tests and medical consultations can help detect metabolic risks at an early stage. Treatment options include lifestyle modification, behavioural therapy, pharmacotherapy, and, in selected cases, bariatric surgery. Recent advances in pharmacotherapy-such as injectable tirzepatide and semaglutide, now available globally and in India - have further expanded treatment options, with oral formulations expected soon. Obesity should be recognised as a long-term medical condition, similar to hypertension or diabetes. Effective management goes beyond weight loss, focusing on sustaining metabolic health and improving overall quality of life....