Pakistan, June 2 -- MAKKAH - More than 1.3 million Muslim pilgrims have arrived in Makkah ahead of the annual Hajj pilgrimage, braving extreme desert heat as Saudi authorities intensify efforts to ensure a safe and orderly experience. The pilgrimage officially begins on Wednesday, with temperatures expected to soar beyond 40degC (104degF) this week.

To prevent a repeat of last year's tragedy, where over 1,300 pilgrims-many unregistered-died in a heatwave, Saudi Arabia has mobilized 250,000 officials and 40 agencies. Officials have expanded shaded zones by 50,000 square meters, deployed over 400 cooling units, and increased medical staff on standby across the holy city.

The Hajj, one of Islam's five pillars, is a mandatory religious duty...