ALEXANDRIA, Va., Jan. 20 -- United States Patent no. 12,528,052, issued on Jan. 20, was assigned to The Regents of the University of California (Oakland, Calif.).

"Ratchet-based ion pumping membrane systems" was invented by Shane Ardo (Irvine, Calif.), Gideon Segev (Berkeley, Calif.), Francesca Toma (Berkeley, Calif.), Joel Ager (Berkeley, Calif.), Rylan Kautz (Irvine, Calif.) and David Larson (Berkeley, Calif.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Described herein is an ion pump system implementing an electronic ratchet mechanism produced by modulating a spatially varying electric potential distribution that can result in a net ionic current and voltage. The ion pumping membrane system includes an ...