ALEXANDRIA, Va., March 26 -- United States Patent no. 12,256,979, issued on March 25, was assigned to Medtronic Ireland Manufacturing UnLtd. Co. (Dublin).

"Methods and apparatus for pulsed electric field neuromodulation via an intra-to-extravascular approach" was invented by Denise Zarins (Los Gatos, Calif.), Benjamin J. Clark (Redwood City, Calif.), Nicolas Zadno (Fremont, Calif.), Hanson S. Gifford III (Woodside, Calif.) and Erik Thai (Mountain View, Calif.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "Methods and apparatus are provided for pulsed electric field (PEF) neuromodulation via an intra-to-extravascular approach, e.g., to effectuate irreversible electroporation or electrofusion, necrosis and/or ...