ALEXANDRIA, Va., June 19 -- United States Patent no. 12,331,461, issued on June 17, was assigned to Ecolab USA Inc. (St. Paul, Minn.).

"Black liquor viscosity reducing and anti-scale agent" was invented by Luiz Wanderley Bratfisch Pace (Campinas, Brazil) and Prasad Yogendra Duggirala (Naperville, Ill.).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "The disclosure provides methods and compositions for reducing the viscosity of black liquor. Also provided are methods of inhibiting deposition of scale and methods of processing black liquor. In some embodiments, the compositions include a carboxylate-containing polymer and an inorganic salt. In some embodiments, the compositions include a carboxylate-containing p...