ALEXANDRIA, Va., Nov. 11 -- United States Patent no. 12,470,044, issued on Nov. 11, was assigned to Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Changchun, China).

"Two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser" was invented by Cunzhu Tong (Changchun, China), Ziye Wang (Changchun, China), Pinyao Wang (Changchun, China), Huanyu Lu (Changchun, China) and Lijie Wang (Changchun, China).

According to the abstract* released by the U.S. Patent & Trademark Office: "A two-dimensional photonic crystal surface emitting laser includes an n-doped substrate, an n-doped cladding layer, an active layer, a photonic crystal layer, a p-doped cladding layer and a p-doped contact layer arranged in sequence ...