Thiruvananthapuram, Feb. 21 -- India's space launch systems must be formally classified and protected as Cyber-Physical Critical Infrastructure (CPCI) under a Classified Consequence-Driven Cyber-Informed Engineering (C-CIE) framework, according to cyber-physical security specialist K S Manoj here on Saturday.
Manoj, Director of Intelegrid, told UNI that modern launch vehicles operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) have evolved into tightly integrated cyber-physical systems in which digital control logic directly governs high-energy propulsion, navigation, and guidance functions.
"Today's launch vehicles are not merely propulsion-driven mechanical systems. They are firmware-controlled, sensor-fused, software-defined cybe...