Mumbai, Dec. 19 -- Domestic investors have invested approximately Rs 4.5 lakh crore in the equity markets through mutual funds and other indirect channels this year, reflecting a steady shift in household savings toward market-linked assets, according to a report by the National Stock Exchange (NSE).

The report highlighted that the post-pandemic expansion of India's retail investor base has gathered strong momentum. The number of individual investors has risen sharply from around three crore in 2019 to over 12 crore in 2025. This growth has been accompanied by increasing participation through both direct equity investments and indirect routes such as mutual funds.

Since 2020, cumulative household investments in market-linked instruments...